Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, affect around 25% of people, making them one of the most common oral health conditions. These small but painful sores form on the soft tissues inside the mouth, like the tongue, inner cheeks, or lips. While they aren’t contagious, they can significantly impact daily activities like eating and speaking. Thankfully, understanding their causes and treatments can help reduce discomfort and speed up healing.
What Are Canker Sores?
Canker sores are small, shallow ulcers that develop on the lining inside your mouth. They are often confused with cold sores, but unlike cold sores, they are not caused by the herpes virus and only occur inside the mouth.
Causes of Canker Sores
While the exact cause of canker sores isn’t always clear, several factors may contribute to their development, including:
- Stress
- Nutritional deficiencies (e.g., vitamin B12, folic acid)
- Hormonal changes
- Injury to the mouth (e.g., biting your cheek)
- Food sensitivities or allergies
Understanding your triggers can help you better manage outbreaks.
Quick Ways to Ease Canker Sore Discomfort
1. Over-the-Counter Treatments
Use topical gels or creams designed for mouth ulcers. Products containing benzocaine or hydrogen peroxide can numb the sore and reduce discomfort, making it easier to eat or speak.
2. Saltwater Rinses
A simple saltwater rinse can help ease pain and reduce inflammation. Dissolve a teaspoon of salt in warm water, swish for 15–30 seconds, and spit it out. Repeat a few times daily.
3. Baking Soda Paste
Mix a small amount of baking soda with water to create a thick paste. Apply this directly to the sore. Baking soda neutralizes acids and promotes healing by reducing inflammation.
4. Cold Therapy
Applying a cold compress or an ice cube wrapped in a cloth can numb the area and reduce swelling. Use this method multiple times a day but avoid applying ice directly to the gums to prevent irritation.
5. Antiseptic Mouthwash
Rinse with an alcohol-free antiseptic mouthwash to reduce bacteria and create a cleaner environment for healing. Regular use may also prevent further irritation.
6. Aloe Vera Gel
Known for its soothing properties, aloe vera gel can be applied directly to the sore to relieve pain and promote faster healing. Reapply several times a day as needed.
7. Honey
Thanks to its natural anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial qualities, honey can be applied to the sore using a clean finger or cotton swab. Use it 2–3 times daily for relief and healing support.
8. Adjust Your Diet
Avoid acidic or spicy foods to prevent additional irritation. Opt for bland options, such as oatmeal or mashed potatoes, that are gentle on your mouth.
9. Boost Your Immune System
Taking supplements like vitamin B12 or folic acid and eating nutrient-rich foods can help strengthen your immune system and expedite healing.
When to See a Doctor
While most canker sores heal on their own within 1–2 weeks, there are instances when you should contact a dentist or healthcare provider:
- Severe Pain or Large Sores: Large or extremely painful sores might require medical intervention.
- Frequent Recurrences: Having more than 4 outbreaks per year could indicate an underlying issue.
- Prolonged Duration: If a sore persists for over two weeks, it’s best to seek advice.
- Accompanying Symptoms: Fever, swollen lymph nodes, or fatigue alongside sores might signal a more serious condition.
- Difficulty Eating or Drinking: If pain interferes with eating or hydration, get professional help.
- Signs of Infection: If the sore becomes increasingly red, swollen, or pus-filled, you may need antibiotics.
How to Prevent Canker Sores
Prevention is key! Here are some strategies to reduce the likelihood of future outbreaks:
1. Manage Stress
Stress is a common trigger for canker sores. Practice stress-relief techniques such as meditation, yoga, or regular exercise to stay calm and balanced.
2. Watch Your Diet
Identify and avoid foods that trigger your sores, like citrus fruits, tomatoes, or spicy snacks. Choose a balanced diet filled with nutrient-rich foods that support oral and overall health.
3. Maintain Good Oral Hygiene
Brush your teeth daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush and non-irritating toothpaste. Avoid products containing sodium lauryl sulfate, as they may aggravate mouth sores.
4. Stay Hydrated
Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your mouth healthy and moist.
5. Use Mouth Protection
If dental appliances like braces or dentures are irritating, use orthodontic wax or dental guards to protect the soft tissues in your mouth.
6. Avoid Smoking
Smoking can irritate the mouth and increase the risk of developing sores. Reducing or quitting smoking can help.
7. Identify Allergies
Monitor any potential food or ingredient allergies that may cause oral irritation. Keeping a food diary may help pinpoint triggers.
8. Regular Dental Check-Ups
Periodic visits to your dentist can help identify potential sources of irritation and ensure your oral health is in top shape.
Final Thoughts
Canker sores can be a pain—literally—but with the right care and preventative measures, you can minimize their frequency and discomfort. If persistent or severe, consult your healthcare provider for personalized treatment and advice.
For more guidance on managing oral health, book an appointment with your dentist today!